Moire magnetism in CrBr3 multilayers emerging from differential strain

TL;DR

This study demonstrates that differential strain in CrBr3 multilayers can induce moire magnetism, creating spatially modulated spin textures, which opens new avenues for tunable 2D magnetic superlattices.

Contribution

It provides the first experimental evidence that differential strain can generate moire magnetism in vdW multilayers, confirmed by magnetoconductance measurements and theoretical modeling.

Findings

Evidence of ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic regions in CrBr3 multilayers.

Magnetoconductance evolution similar to twisted moire structures.

Differential strain modifies stacking and interlayer exchange, leading to moire-like spin textures.

Abstract

Interfaces between twisted 2D materials host a wealth of physical phenomena originating from the long-scale periodicity associated with the resulting moire structure. Besides twisting, an alternative route to create structures with comparably long or even longer periodicities is inducing a differential strain between adjacent layers in a van der Waals (vdW) material. Despite recent theoretical efforts analyzing its benefits, this route has not yet been implemented experimentally. Here we report evidence for the simultaneous presence of ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic regions in CrBr3 _a hallmark of moire magnetism_ from the observation of an unexpected magnetoconductance in CrBr3 tunnel barriers with ferromagnetic Fe3GeTe2 and graphene electrodes. The observed magnetoconductance evolves with temperature and magnetic field as the magnetoconductance measured in small angle CrBr3 twisted junctions, in which moire magnetism occurs. Consistent with Raman measurements and theoretical modeling, we attribute the phenomenon to the presence of a differential strain in the CrBr3 multilayer, which locally modifies the stacking and the interlayer exchange between adjacent CrBr3 layers, resulting in spatially modulated spin textures. Our conclusions indicate that inducing differential strain in vdW multilayers is a viable strategy to create moire-like superlattices, which in the future may offer in-situ continuous tunability even at low temperatures.