Effect of 2009 major SSW event on the mesospheric CO2 cooling

TL;DR

This study investigates how a major 2009 sudden stratospheric warming event affected mesospheric CO2 density and infrared cooling rates, revealing unexpected variability and highlighting the complex interactions between atmospheric constituents during such events.

Contribution

It provides new insights into the variability of mesospheric CO2 and its radiative cooling during a significant SSW event, emphasizing the role of temperature and atomic oxygen.

Findings

Counter-intuitive relationship between CO2 density and cooling rates during SSW

Variability in temperature and atomic oxygen influences cooling patterns

Enhanced understanding of CO2 cooling dynamics during atmospheric disturbances

Abstract

Carbon dioxide (CO2), an important trace species that is gradually increasing in the atmosphere due to anthropogenic activities, causes enhanced warming in the lower atmosphere. The increased concentration of CO2 in the upper atmosphere results in enhanced radiative cooling rates leading to the contraction of the upper atmosphere. Due to its long lifetime and large vertical gradient, CO2 concentration is also influenced by large dynamic events. We report a startling case of variability in CO2 density and its infrared radiative cooling rates in the mesosphere and lower thermospher during a major sudden stratospheric warming (SSW) event. A counter-intuitive connection between CO2 density and resulting CO2 radiative cooling has been observed during the 2009 major SSW event. The behaviour of CO2 cooling rates during such a dramatic events draw attention to our current understanding of CO2 infrared cooling variation and its connection to changes in CO2 concentration. The significance of temperature and atomic oxygen variability in the observed cooling patterns despite changes in CO2 concentration, is also highlighted.