Control of sphalerite-chalcopyrite phase transition in CdSnAs2 for n-type thermoelectrics with high power factor

TL;DR

This study demonstrates that rapid cooling of CdSnAs2 enhances its thermoelectric performance by controlling phase transition and microstructure, achieving high power factor and promising zT for mid-temperature applications.

Contribution

It reveals the effect of cooling rate on phase transition and microstructure in CdSnAs2, leading to improved thermoelectric properties, which is a novel approach for this material.

Findings

Highest cooling rate sample achieved power factor of 3.18 mW/mK^2 at 600 K.

Phase transition from sphalerite to chalcopyrite affects microstructure and cracks.

CdSnAs2 surpasses traditional n-type thermoelectric materials in power factor.

Abstract

Practical applications of thermoelectric (TE) materials are constrained by less developments of high-performance n-type materials compared to their p-type counterparts. Chalcopyrite CdSnAs2 is a promising n-type semiconductor for thermoelectrics from its narrow bandgap around 0.2 eV and exceptionally high electron mobility. In this study, we investigated the crystal growth, microstructure, and thermoelectric properties of CdSnAs2. Contrary to conventional theory of unidirectional melt growth, CdSnAs2 samples at higher cooling rates exhibited better crystallinity, while some cracks were observed in samples cooled more slowly. Thermal analyses clarified that a phase transition from sphalerite to chalcopyrite occurred after solidification in the case of slow cooling, leading to dislocations and cracks due to the lattice mismatch between phases. The analysis at rapid cooling suggested that supercooling lowers the solidification temperature and produces an appropriate microstructure. Consequently, the sample grown at the highest cooling rate (7.6 K/min) achieved an ultrahigh power factor of 3.18 mW/mK^2 at 600 K and a peak zT of 0.62 at 682 K. In the power factor, CdSnAs2 surpasses conventional binary n-type TE materials such as SnSe and PbTe, proving that CdSnAs2 is a high potential candidate for mid-temperature TE applications.