Mass Hierarchy of Z(2) Monopoles

TL;DR

This paper classifies and analyzes various Z(2) monopole solutions in an SU(4) Yang-Mills-Higgs model, revealing new monopoles with higher-dimensional su(2) multiplets and discussing their properties and potential parallels to fermion mass hierarchies.

Contribution

It introduces new monopole solutions associated with higher index embeddings in an SU(4) model, expanding the understanding of monopole spectrum and properties.

Findings

Discovery of new monopoles with index 4 and 10 embeddings

Calculation of monopole mass and radius in the zero potential limit

Establishment of parallels between monopole hierarchy and fermion mass hierarchy

Abstract

In this work we establish every spherically symmetric non-Abelian Z(2) monopole generated by su(2) embeddings in the SU(4) Yang-Mills-Higgs model minimally broken to SO(4) by a symmetric second-rank tensor Higgs field. We find new monopole solutions associated with index 4 and index 10 embeddings. These solutions belong to su(2) multiplets that are higher dimensional than triplets. Properties of these monopoles such as their mass and radius are calculated in the vanishing potential limit. A parallel between this result and the Standard Model hierarchy of fermion masses is considered.