Benchmarking Agility and Reconfigurability in Satellite Systems for Tropical Cyclone Monitoring

TL;DR

This paper compares satellite agility and reconfigurability for tropical cyclone monitoring, showing that constellation reconfigurability generally outperforms satellite agility in tracking these storms.

Contribution

It provides a systematic benchmark analysis of two advanced satellite operation concepts, offering insights into their effectiveness for cyclone observation.

Findings

Reconfigurability with plane-change maneuvers outperforms satellite agility in most cases.

A dataset of 100 historical TCs was used to benchmark observation quality.

Reconfigurability extends observation capabilities beyond traditional nadir-directional methods.

Abstract

Tropical cyclones (TCs) are highly dynamic natural disasters that travel vast distances and occupy a large spatial scale, leading to loss of life, economic strife, and destruction of infrastructure. The severe impact of TCs makes them crucial to monitor such that the collected data contributes to forecasting their trajectory and severity, as well as the provision of information to relief agencies. Among the various methods used to monitor TCs, Earth observation satellites are the most flexible, allowing for frequent observations with a wide variety of instruments. Traditionally, satellite scheduling algorithms assume nadir-directional observations, a limitation that can be alleviated by incorporating satellite agility and constellation reconfigurability -- two state-of-the-art concepts of operations (CONOPS) that extend the amount of time TCs can be observed from orbit. This paper conducts a systematic comparative analysis between both CONOPS to present the performance of each relative to baseline nadir-directional observations in monitoring TCs. A dataset of 100 historical TCs is used to provide a benchmark concerning real-world data through maximizing the number of quality observations. The results of the comparative analysis indicate that constellation reconfigurability allowing plane-change maneuvers outperforms satellite agility in the majority of TCs analyzed.