Intrinsic aeroacoustic instabilities in the crosstalk apertures of can-annular combustors

TL;DR

This study investigates intrinsic aeroacoustic instabilities at crosstalk apertures in can-annular combustors through experiments and simulations, revealing whistling phenomena that can inform better combustor-turbine interface designs.

Contribution

It provides new experimental and numerical insights into the mechanisms of aeroacoustic instabilities at combustor crosstalk apertures, highlighting their dependence on aperture geometry and flow conditions.

Findings

Whistling frequency scales with aperture size and Strouhal number.

Aeroacoustic instabilities occur without longitudinal acoustic modes.

Simulations successfully reproduce the observed whistling phenomenon.

Abstract

This paper presents an experimental and numerical study of aeroacoustic instabilities at the interface between neighbouring combustion chambers in modern heavy-duty gas turbines. A simplified laboratory-scale geometry of the gap separating the outlet of these chambers, just upstream of the turbine inlet in can-annular combustor architectures, is considered. It consists of two channels with anechoic and chocked conditions on the upstream and downstream sides respectively. Right before the choked-flow vanes which represent the turbine inlet, a small aperture leads to an aeroacoustic crosstalk between the channels. The dimensions and flow conditions are defined such that relevant Mach, Strouhal and Helmholtz numbers of gas turbines are reproduced. The alignment of the vanes with respect to the crosstalk aperture is varied. An intense whistling is observed for some conditions. The oscillation frequency depends on the aperture area and scales with the Strouhal number based on the aperture length. The upstream anechoic condition in each channel implies that no longitudinal acoustic mode participate to the mechanism of this whistling, which is in agreement with the Strouhal scaling of this intrinsic aeroacoustic instability. Compressible Large Eddy Simulations of the configuration have been performed and remarkably reproduce the whistling phenomenon. This work contributes to the understanding of aeroacoustic instabilities at the crosstalk apertures of can-annular combustors. It will help designing combustor-turbine interfaces to suppress them, which is important since the vibrations they induce may be as damaging as the ones from thermoacoustic instabilities.