Gauging Flavor Symmetries of the Standard Model: from Dark Energy to Matter-Antimatter Asymmetry from Higher Dimensions in the Early Universe

TL;DR

This paper explores how gauging Standard Model flavor symmetries in higher dimensions could explain dark energy, matter-antimatter asymmetry, and early universe phenomena, linking cosmology with particle physics.

Contribution

It proposes a novel framework connecting flavor symmetry breaking, dark energy, and early universe dynamics through higher-dimensional gauge theories and D-brane interpretations.

Findings

Dark energy can originate from broken flavor symmetries.

Gauging flavor symmetries offers explanations for matter-antimatter asymmetry.

Model predicts observable consequences for early universe cosmology.

Abstract

The Standard Model of Elementary Particle Physics has global Family flavor symmetries corresponding to the 3 families in the Standard Model. It has been shown that the breaking of these symmetries at low energy produces Dark Energy which is the dominant component of the energy density of the Universe. It has also been shown that this model of Dark Energy not only explains the accelerated expansion of the universe but has additional observational consequences and makes verifiable predictions. This model allows a space-time dependent Dark Energy as indicated by recent observations. Further, the collapse of space dependent Dark Energy configurations leads to the formation of Dark Energy Black Holes resulting in verifiable predictions. We examine the implications of these symmetries at high energies and in the Early Universe. We consider what might happen if these global symmetries get gauged and that the global symmetries today are just a consequence of the gauge fields acquiring a constant vacuum expectation value below some energy scale v. Since, we have not yet seen signatures of such gauge fields at any of our particle accelerators, this would imply that v is greater than the electroweak scale. In the early Universe, when these gauge fields would be dynamical, the Higgs would not yet have acquired a non-zero vacuum expectation value and all Standard Model particles would be massless. The gauging of these global symmetries is desirable from a high energy and quantum gravity perspective. The chiral dynamics has a natural interpretation in terms of D Branes and our 4-dimensional Universe embedded in higher dimensions. Anomaly cancellation in this scenario results from the sum of the cubic terms vanishing. Finally, the analysis in this article can provide an explanation for one of the long standing mysteries of the natural world: the matter - antimatter asymmetry observed in our Universe.