CMAViT: Integrating Climate, Managment, and Remote Sensing Data for Crop Yield Estimation with Multimodel Vision Transformers

TL;DR

This paper presents CMAViT, a multimodal vision transformer that integrates climate, management, and remote sensing data for accurate vineyard crop yield prediction, outperforming traditional models.

Contribution

Introduction of CMAViT, a novel multi-modal transformer that combines spatial, temporal, and management data for pixel-level crop yield estimation.

Findings

Achieved R2 of 0.84 and MAPE of 8.22% on unseen data.

Outperformed traditional models like UNet-ConvLSTM.

Modality ablation showed each data type's importance for accuracy.

Abstract

Crop yield prediction is essential for agricultural planning but remains challenging due to the complex interactions between weather, climate, and management practices. To address these challenges, we introduce a deep learning-based multi-model called Climate-Management Aware Vision Transformer (CMAViT), designed for pixel-level vineyard yield predictions. CMAViT integrates both spatial and temporal data by leveraging remote sensing imagery and short-term meteorological data, capturing the effects of growing season variations. Additionally, it incorporates management practices, which are represented in text form, using a cross-attention encoder to model their interaction with time-series data. This innovative multi-modal transformer tested on a large dataset from 2016-2019 covering 2,200 hectares and eight grape cultivars including more than 5 million vines, outperforms traditional models like UNet-ConvLSTM, excelling in spatial variability capture and yield prediction, particularly for extreme values in vineyards. CMAViT achieved an R2 of 0.84 and a MAPE of 8.22% on an unseen test dataset. Masking specific modalities lowered performance: excluding management practices, climate data, and both reduced R2 to 0.73, 0.70, and 0.72, respectively, and raised MAPE to 11.92%, 12.66%, and 12.39%, highlighting each modality's importance for accurate yield prediction. Code is available at https://github.com/plant-ai-biophysics-lab/CMAViT.