On an eigenvalue problem associated with mixed operators under mixed boundary conditions

TL;DR

This paper investigates eigenvalue problems involving mixed local and nonlocal operators with complex boundary conditions, establishing existence, properties, and bifurcation results for the first eigenvalue and related solutions.

Contribution

It introduces a novel analysis of eigenvalues for mixed local and fractional operators under mixed boundary conditions, including bifurcation phenomena.

Findings

Existence of the first eigenvalue and eigenfunctions established.

Characteristics of eigenvalues depending on the topology of boundary sets.

Bifurcation results from zero and infinity for related asymptotically linear problems.

Abstract

In this paper, we study a class of eigenvalue problems involving both local as well as nonlocal operators, precisely the classical Laplace operator and the fractional Laplace operator in the presence of mixed boundary conditions, that is \begin{equation} \label{1} \left\{\begin{split} \mathcal{L}u\: &= \lambda u,~~u>0~ \text{in} ~\Omega, u&=0~~\text{in} ~~{U^c}, \mathcal{N}_s(u)&=0 ~~\text{in} ~~{\mathcal{N}}, \frac{\partial u}{\partial \nu}&=0 ~~\text{in}~~ \partial \Omega \cap \overline{\mathcal{N}}, \end{split} \right.\tag{$P_\lambda$} \end{equation} where $U= (\Omega \cup {\mathcal{N}} \cup (\partial\Omega\cap\overline{\mathcal{N}}))$, $\Omega \subseteq \mathbb{R}^n$ is a non empty open set, $\mathcal{D}$, $\mathcal{N}$ are open subsets of $\mathbb{R}^n\setminus{\bar{\Omega }}$ such that $\overline{{\mathcal{D}} \cup {\mathcal{N}}}= \mathbb{R}^n\setminus{\Omega}$, $\mathcal{D} \cap {\mathcal{N}}= \emptyset $ and $\Omega\cup \mathcal{N}$ is a bounded set with smooth boundary, $\lambda >0$ is a real parameter and $$\mathcal{L}= -\Delta+(-\Delta)^{s},~ \text{for}~s \in (0, 1).$$ We establish the existence and some characteristics of the first eigenvalue and associated eigenfunctions to the above problem, based on the topology of the sets $\mathcal{D}$ and $\mathcal{N}$. Next, we apply these results to establish bifurcation type results, both from zero and infinity for the problem \eqref{ql} which is an asymptotically linear problem inclined with $(P_\lambda)$.