Stop Playing the Guessing Game! Target-free User Simulation for Evaluating Conversational Recommender Systems

TL;DR

This paper introduces PEPPER, a target-free user simulation protocol for evaluating conversational recommender systems, enabling more realistic and comprehensive assessment of preference elicitation beyond simplistic guessing games.

Contribution

The paper presents PEPPER, a novel evaluation protocol with real-user interaction-based simulators that avoid target bias and better measure preference elicitation in CRSs.

Findings

PEPPER provides more realistic user-CRS interaction simulations.

Existing CRSs show limited ability to elicit user preferences.

PEPPER's detailed metrics offer comprehensive evaluation of preference elicitation.

Abstract

Recent approaches in Conversational Recommender Systems (CRSs) have tried to simulate real-world users engaging in conversations with CRSs to create more realistic testing environments that reflect the complexity of human-agent dialogue. Despite the significant advancements, reliably evaluating the capability of CRSs to elicit user preferences still faces a significant challenge. Existing evaluation metrics often rely on target-biased user simulators that assume users have predefined preferences, leading to interactions that devolve into simplistic guessing game. These simulators typically guide the CRS toward specific target items based on fixed attributes, limiting the dynamic exploration of user preferences and struggling to capture the evolving nature of real-user interactions. Additionally, current evaluation metrics are predominantly focused on single-turn recall of target items, neglecting the intermediate processes of preference elicitation. To address this, we introduce PEPPER, a novel CRS evaluation protocol with target-free user simulators constructed from real-user interaction histories and reviews. PEPPER enables realistic user-CRS dialogues without falling into simplistic guessing games, allowing users to gradually discover their preferences through enriched interactions, thereby providing a more accurate and reliable assessment of the CRS's ability to elicit personal preferences. Furthermore, PEPPER presents detailed measures for comprehensively evaluating the preference elicitation capabilities of CRSs, encompassing both quantitative and qualitative measures that capture four distinct aspects of the preference elicitation process. Through extensive experiments, we demonstrate the validity of PEPPER as a simulation environment and conduct a thorough analysis of how effectively existing CRSs perform in preference elicitation and recommendation.