Dielectric waveguide setup tested with a superconducting millimeter-wave Fabry-P\'erot interferometer at milli-Kelvin temperatures

TL;DR

This paper presents a cryogenic dielectric waveguide setup tested at millikelvin temperatures for quantum applications, achieving high-quality resonances with minimal noise and interference at millimeter-wave frequencies.

Contribution

It introduces a low-loss, thermally anchored dielectric waveguide system suitable for quantum technologies at millimeter-wave frequencies, with demonstrated high-Q superconducting resonances.

Findings

Achieved quality factors up to 15 million at 10 mK.

Demonstrated low photon loss and noise in dielectric waveguides.

Suppressed external interference and cross-talk effectively.

Abstract

We propose and test a cryogenic setup comprising dielectric waveguides for mm-wave frequencies in the range of 75-110 GHz and temperatures down to 10 mK. The targeted applications are quantum technologies at millimeter-wave frequencies, which require measurements at low photon numbers and noise. We show that the high density polyethylene waveguides combine a frequency independent low photon loss with a very low heat conductance. Black high density polyethylene shows a higher attenuation, which is useful to block thermal photons in a cryogenic environment. The dielectric waveguides are thermally anchored and attenuated at several stages of the cryostat. They are individually protected by additional metallic shields to suppress mutual cross-talk and external interference. With this setup, multiple superconducting resonances of a Fabry-P\'erot cavity were measured at 10 mK. We find quality factors up to 15 million in the single photon limit for resonances above 100 GHz. These results show no evident influence of atomic two-level systems in the cavity.