Optimal Energy Dispatch of Grid-Connected Electric Vehicle Considering Lithium Battery Electrochemical Model

TL;DR

This paper develops an optimal energy dispatch method for grid-connected EVs that incorporates a detailed electrochemical battery model, improving efficiency and battery health management in high EV penetration scenarios.

Contribution

It introduces a recursive EV battery constraint framework and a matrix-based state update method to efficiently integrate the electrochemical model into dispatch optimization.

Findings

Enhanced dispatch accuracy with electrochemical battery modeling

Reduced battery degradation through optimized control

Improved system efficiency in high EV penetration scenarios

Abstract

The grid-connected electric vehicles (EVs) serve as a promising regulating resource in the distribution grid with Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) facilities. In the day-ahead stage, electric vehicle batteries (EVBs) need to be precisely dispatched and controlled to ensure high efficiency and prevent degradation. This article focuses on considering a refined battery model, i.e. the electrochemical model (EM), in the optimal dispatch of the local energy system with high penetration of EVs which replenish energy through V2G-equipped charge station and battery swapping station (BSS). In this paper, to utilize the EM efficiently, recursive EVB constraints and a corresponding matrix-based state update method are proposed based on EM power characterization. The charging EV state distribution is profiled and a multi-layer BSS model along with binary aggregation is proposed, in order to overcome the computation complexity of combining the refined battery constraints with the mixed integer optimization. Finally, a local energy system scenario is investigated for evaluation. The efficiency and effectiveness of EM consideration are assessed from the perspective of both the system and battery.