Chikungunya: The Silent Threat in the Shadows

TL;DR

This review discusses the re-emergence of Chikungunya virus as a significant global health threat, emphasizing its pathogenesis, transmission, and the urgent need for effective treatments and vaccines.

Contribution

It provides a comprehensive overview of CHIKV's host, vector, and genetic factors, highlighting areas for future research to develop better prevention and management strategies.

Findings

Chikungunya causes persistent joint pain in infected individuals.

The virus has re-emerged globally, affecting millions across continents.

Current management is supportive, with no available vaccines or specific drugs.

Abstract

Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is one of the most relevant arboviruses affecting public health today. It belongs to the Togaviridae family and alphavirus genus, causing an arthritogenic disease known as Chikungunya fever (CHIKF). This multifaceted disease is distinguished from other arbovirus infections by intense arthralgia, which can persist for months or even years in some individuals. The virus has re-emerged as a global health threat in recent decades, originating in Africa and spreading across Asia and America, leading to widespread outbreaks affecting millions. Despite more than 50 years of research on CHIKV pathogenesis, no drugs or vaccines are available. Current management focuses on supportive care to alleviate symptoms and improve patient's quality of life. The ongoing threat posed by CHIKV highlights the need to understand its pathogenesis better. This review provides a comprehensive overview of CHIKV, focusing on host factors, vector-related factors, and complex viral genetic interactions. By exploring these intricate connections, we aim to offer insights that may lead to more effective strategies for preventing and managing this re-emerging global health threat.