Correction-to-scaling exponent for percolation and the Fortuin--Kasteleyn Potts model in two dimensions

TL;DR

This paper derives an exact formula for the correction-to-scaling exponent in two-dimensional percolation and Potts models, and confirms it through Monte Carlo simulations of the related O(n) loop model.

Contribution

The paper provides a new exact theoretical formula for the correction-to-scaling exponent /[(2g+1)(2g+3)] as a function of Coulomb-gas coupling g, applicable to 2D percolation and Potts models.

Findings

The derived formula matches numerical estimates for various Q values.

Monte Carlo simulations of the O(n) loop model support the theoretical predictions.

The results include the exact correction-to-scaling exponent for percolation as a special case.

Abstract

The number $n_s$ of clusters (per site) of size $s$, a central quantity in percolation theory, displays at criticality an algebraic scaling behavior of the form $n_s\simeq s^{-\tau}\, A\, (1+B s^{-\Omega})$. For the Fortuin--Kasteleyn representation of the $Q$-state Potts model in two dimensions, the Fisher exponent $\tau$ is known as a function of the real parameter $0\le Q\le4$, and, for bond percolation (the $Q\rightarrow 1$ limit), the correction-to-scaling exponent is derived as $\Omega=72/91$. We theoretically derive the exact formula for the correction-to-scaling exponent $\Omega=8/[(2g+1)(2g+3)]$ as a function of the Coulomb-gas coupling strength $g$, which is related to $Q$ by $Q=2+2\cos(2 \pi g)$. Using an efficient Monte Carlo cluster algorithm, we study the O($n$) loop model on the hexagonal lattice, which is in the same universality class as the $Q=n^2$ Potts model, and has significantly suppressed finite-size corrections and critical slowing-down. The predictions of the above formula include the exact value for percolation as a special case and agree well with the numerical estimates of $\Omega$ for both the critical and tricritical branches of the Potts model.