A New Genuine Multipartite Entanglement Measure: from Qubits to Multiboundary Wormholes

TL;DR

This paper introduces the Latent Entropy (L-entropy), a new measure for genuine multipartite entanglement, analyzing its properties in various quantum models and exploring its implications in holography and random states.

Contribution

The paper proposes the L-entropy as a novel multipartite entanglement measure, extending it to mixed states and connecting it to holography and random quantum states.

Findings

L-entropy functions as a multipartite entanglement monotone.

Random states with five parties approximate 2-uniform states.

The measure's implications in holography and multi-boundary wormholes are demonstrated.

Abstract

We introduce the Latent Entropy (L-entropy) as a novel measure to characterize the genuine multipartite entanglement in quantum systems. Our measure leverages the upper bound of reflected entropy and its maximal values attained by 2-uniform states for $n$-party ($n= 4,5$) and GHZ state for 3-party quantum systems. We demonstrate that the measure functions as a multipartite pure state entanglement monotone and briefly address its extension to mixed multipartite states. We then analyze its interesting characteristics in spin chain models and the Sachdev-Ye-Kitaev (SYK) model. Subsequently, we explore its implications to holography by deriving a Page-like curve for the L-entropy in the CFT dual to a multi-boundary wormhole model. Furthermore, we examine the behavior of L-entropy in Haar random states, deriving analytical expressions and validating them against numerical results. In particular, we show that for $n =5$, random states approximate 2-uniform states with maximal multipartite entanglement. Furthermore, we propose a potential connection between random states and multi-boundary wormhole geometries. Extending to finite-temperature systems, we introduce the Multipartite Thermal Pure Quantum (MTPQ) state, a multipartite generalization of the thermal pure quantum state, and explore its entanglement properties. By incorporating state dependent construction of MTPQ state, we resolve the factorization issue in the random average of the MTPQ state, ensuring consistency with the correlation functions in the holographic dual multiboundary wormhole. Finally, we apply this construction to the multi-copy SYK model and examine its multipartite entanglement structure.