Reuse-Aware Compilation for Zoned Quantum Architectures Based on Neutral Atoms

TL;DR

This paper introduces ZAC, a scalable compiler designed for neutral atom-based zoned quantum architectures, significantly improving fidelity by reducing data movement and enabling efficient quantum circuit execution.

Contribution

The paper presents ZAC, a novel compiler with data placement, instruction scheduling, and a new intermediate representation tailored for zoned architectures, addressing compilation challenges in heterogeneous quantum systems.

Findings

22x fidelity improvement over monolithic architectures

ZAC achieves only 10% fidelity gap compared to ideal solutions

Enables more reliable quantum circuit execution

Abstract

Quantum computing architectures based on neutral atoms offer large scales and high-fidelity operations. They can be heterogeneous, with different zones for storage, entangling operations, and readout. Zoned architectures improve computation fidelity by shielding idling qubits in storage from side-effect noise, unlike monolithic architectures where all operations occur in a single zone. However, supporting these flexible architectures with efficient compilation remains challenging. In this paper, we propose ZAC, a scalable compiler for zoned architectures. ZAC minimizes data movement overhead between zones with qubit reuse, i.e., keeping them in the entanglement zone if an immediate entangling operation is pending. Other innovations include novel data placement and instruction scheduling strategies in ZAC, a flexible specification of zoned architectures, and an intermediate representation for zoned architectures, ZAIR. Our evaluation shows that zoned architectures equipped with ZAC achieve a 22x improvement in fidelity compared to monolithic architectures. Moreover, ZAC is shown to have a 10% fidelity gap on average compared to the ideal solution. This significant performance enhancement enables more efficient and reliable quantum circuit execution, enabling advancements in quantum algorithms and applications. ZAC is open source at https://github.com/UCLA-VAST/ZAC