Rips and regular future scenario with Holographic Dark Energy: A comprehensive look

TL;DR

This paper explores potential future cosmic scenarios, such as rips, within holographic dark energy models, analyzing their thermodynamic and energy condition implications across various cutoff choices.

Contribution

It provides a comprehensive analysis of late-time universe scenarios with holographic dark energy, emphasizing the role of different cutoffs and the generalized Nojiri-Odintsov approach.

Findings

Big rip alternatives are inconsistent in simpler HDE cutoffs.

Generalized HDE cutoff offers greater flexibility in modeling future scenarios.

Thermodynamic laws and energy conditions are critically examined in these regimes.

Abstract

Interest on the possible future scenarios the universe could have has grew substantially with breakthroughs on late-time acceleration. Holographic dark energy (HDE) presents a very interesting approach towards addressing late-time acceleration, presenting an intriguing interface of ideas from quantum gravity and cosmology. In this work we present an extensive discussion of possible late-time scenarios, focusing on rips and similar events, in a universe with holographic dark energy. We discuss these events in the realm of the generalized Nojiri-Odintsov cutoff and also for the more primitive holographic cutoffs like Hubble, particle and event horizon cutoffs. We also discuss the validity of the generalized second law of thermodynamics and various energy conditions in these regimes. Our work points towards the idea that it is not possible to have alternatives of the big rip consistently in the simpler HDE cutoffs, and shows the flexibility of the generalized HDE cutoff as well.