Searching for quantum-gravity footprint around stellar-mass black holes

TL;DR

This study tests for quantum-gravity effects around stellar-mass black holes by analyzing accretion disk measurements, finding no significant deviations from classical predictions and setting the tightest constraints on quantum-gravity parameters.

Contribution

It provides observational constraints on quantum-gravity effects near black holes, using accretion disk data to test predictions of asymptotically safe gravity.

Findings

No significant deviation from Kerr metric predictions.

Set the tightest constraint on the quantum-gravity parameter .

Observed accretion disk radii consistent with classical models.

Abstract

According to the asymptotically safe gravity, black holes may have characteristics different from those described according to general relativity if the running of the gravitational constant coupling happens at low energies. Particularly, they should be more compact, with a smaller event horizon, which in turn affects the other quantities dependent on it, like the photon ring and the size of the innermost stable circular orbit. We decided to test the latter hypothesis by searching in the literature for observational measurements of the inner radius of the accretion disk around stellar-mass black holes. We selected the smallest values measured when the disk was in high/soft state, made them homogeneous by taking into account the most recent and more reliable values of mass, spin, viewing angle, and distance from the Earth, and compared with the expectations of the Kerr metric. We do not find any significant deviation. Some doubtful cases can be easily understood as due to specific states of the object during the observation or instrumental biases. We set the tightest constraint on the parameter $\xi$ obtained to date.