Objective Moir\'e Pattern

TL;DR

This paper develops a mathematical framework to analyze objective moiré patterns with various symmetries, extending understanding beyond conventional layered materials and enabling applications in multiple scientific fields.

Contribution

It introduces an analytical approach for describing objective moiré patterns with different symmetries, broadening the scope of moiré pattern analysis beyond traditional layered structures.

Findings

Objective moiré patterns retain original symmetries with modified parameters.

Analytical descriptions for ring, 2D Bravais lattice, and helical patterns are derived.

Versatility demonstrated through conformal moiré patterns.

Abstract

Moir\'e patterns, typically formed by overlaying two layers of two-dimensional materials, exhibit an effective long-range periodicity that depends on the short-range periodicity of each layer and their spatial misalignment. Here, we study moir\'e patterns in objective structures with symmetries different from those in conventional patterns such as twisted bilayer graphene. Specifically, the mathematical descriptions for ring patterns, 2D Bravais lattice patterns, and helical patterns are derived analytically as representative examples of objective moir\'e patterns, using an augmented Fourier approach. Our findings reveal that the objective moir\'e patterns retain the symmetries of their original structures but with different parameters. In addition, we present a non-objective case, conformal moir\'e patterns, to demonstrate the versatility of this approach. We hope this geometric framework will provide insights for solving more complex moir\'e patterns and facilitate the application of moir\'e patterns in X-ray diffractions, wave manipulations, molecular dynamics, and other fields.