Acceleration-driven dynamics of Josephson vortices in coplanar superfluid rings

TL;DR

This paper theoretically explores how Josephson vortices in coupled ring-shaped Bose-Einstein condensates behave under acceleration, revealing dynamics useful for quantum sensing and control of topological excitations.

Contribution

It introduces a detailed theoretical analysis of vortex dynamics in coupled superfluid rings under acceleration, highlighting novel tunneling patterns and sensing capabilities.

Findings

Acceleration affects vortex displacement and tunneling currents.

Persistent currents influence Josephson oscillations.

Multiple vortices enable acceleration measurement through asymmetric displacements.

Abstract

Precise control of topologically protected excitations, such as quantum vortices in atomtronic circuits, opens new possibilities for future quantum technologies. We theoretically investigate the dynamics of Josephson vortices (rotational fluxons) induced by coupled persistent currents in a system of coplanar double-ring atomic Bose-Einstein condensates. We study the Josephson effect in an atomic Josephson junction formed by coaxial ring-shaped condensates. Tunneling superflows, initiated by an imbalance in atomic populations between the rings, are significantly influenced by the persistent currents in the inner and outer rings. This results in pronounced Josephson oscillations in the population imbalance for both co-rotating and non-rotating states. If a linear acceleration is applied to the system, our analysis reveals peculiar azimuthal tunneling patterns and dynamics of Josephson vortices which leads to non-zero net tunneling current and shows sensitivity to the acceleration magnitude. When multiple Josephson vortices are present, asymmetric vortex displacements that correlate with both the magnitude and direction of acceleration can be measured, offering potential for quantum sensing applications.