Revisiting holographic dark energy after DESI 2024

TL;DR

This study examines holographic dark energy models using recent DESI 2024 data, revealing their potential to address cosmic acceleration issues and comparing their viability to the standard Lambda Cold Dark Matter model.

Contribution

It provides a comprehensive analysis of holographic dark energy and interacting models with new observational data, highlighting their statistical viability and implications for cosmic fate.

Findings

IHDE model favors $c > 1$ with $w$ not crossing -1.

HDE model shows $c < 1$ with $w$ crossing -1 beyond 10σ.

HDE and IHDE are as viable as $\\Lambda$CDM with DESI BAO and SN data, but less favored when CMB data are included.

Abstract

New insights from the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI) 2024 baryon acoustic oscillations (BAO) data, in conjunction with cosmic microwave background (CMB) and Type Ia supernova (SN) data, suggest that dark energy may not be a cosmological constant. In this work, we investigate the cosmological implications of holographic dark energy (HDE) and interacting holographic dark energy (IHDE) models, utilizing CMB, DESI BAO, and SN data. By considering the combined DESI BAO and SN data, we determine that in the IHDE model, the parameter $c > 1$ and the dark-energy equation of state $w$ does not cross $-1$ at the $1\sigma$ confidence level, whereas in the HDE model, it marginally falls below this threshold. Upon incorporating CMB data, we observe that in the HDE model, the parameter $c < 1$ and $w$ crosses $-1$ at a level beyond $10\sigma$. Conversely, for the IHDE model, the likelihood of $w$ crossing $-1$ is considerably diminished, implying that the introduction of interaction within the HDE model could potentially resolve or mitigate the cosmic big rip conundrum. Furthermore, our analysis reveals that the HDE and IHDE models are statistically as viable as the $\Lambda$CDM model when assessing Bayesian evidence with DESI BAO data combined with SN data. However, when CMB data are added, the HDE and IHDE models are significantly less favored compared to the $\Lambda$CDM model. Our findings advocate for further exploration of the HDE and IHDE models using forthcoming, more precise late-universe observations.