Quartic soliton solutions of a normal dispersion based mode-locked laser

TL;DR

This paper explores the existence, stability, and characteristics of quartic solitons in a mode-locked laser with normal dispersion, revealing bistability and the effects of higher-order dispersion on soliton stability.

Contribution

It introduces a detailed analysis of quartic soliton solutions, identifying stable regions, bistability phenomena, and the influence of higher-order dispersion in a novel laser model.

Findings

Low amplitude solitons are always unstable.

Medium and high amplitude solitons are stable over large parameter regions.

High amplitude soliton energy scales quadratically with width.

Abstract

We studied the characteristics, regions of existence and stability of different types of solitons for a distributed model of a mode-locked laser whose dispersion is purely quartic and normal. Among the different types of solitons, we identified three main branches that are named according to their different amplitude: low, medium and high amplitude solitons. It was found that the first solitons are always unstable while the latter two exist and are stable in relatively large regions of the parameter space. Moreover, the stability regions of medium and high amplitude solitons overlap over a certain range of parameters, manifesting effects of bistability. The energy of high amplitude solitons increases quadratically with their width, whereas the energy of medium amplitude solitons may decrease or increase with the width depending on the parameter region. Furthermore, we have investigated the long term evolution of the continuous wave solutions under modulational instability, showing that medium amplitude solitons can arise in this scenario. Additionally, we assessed the effects of second and third order dispersion on medium and high amplitude solitons and found that both remain stable in the presence of these terms.