Accelerating Low-field MRI: From Compressed Sensing to Deep Learning Reconstruction with CNNs and Transformers

TL;DR

This paper compares four MRI reconstruction methods, including deep learning and transformer models, demonstrating that simpler unrolled networks are more robust in ultra-low SNR conditions typical of low-field MRI, advancing clinical imaging capabilities.

Contribution

It provides a comprehensive comparison of traditional and deep learning-based reconstruction methods specifically tailored for low-field MRI, highlighting the robustness of unrolled networks in ultra-low SNR regimes.

Findings

Unrolled networks outperform other models at ultra-low SNR.

Transformer models excel at high SNR but are less robust in low SNR.

Simpler DL architectures are more suitable for low-field MRI applications.

Abstract

Portable, low-field Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) scanners are increasingly being deployed in clinical settings. However, key barriers to their widespread use include low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), generally low image quality, and long scan durations. Hence, methods for accelerating acquisition and boosting image quality are critically important to enable clinically actionable, high-quality imaging in these systems. Despite the role that compressed sensing (CS) and deep learning (DL)-based methods have played in improving image quality for high-field MRI, their adoption for low-field imaging is still in its infancy, and it remains unclear how robust these methods are in low-SNR regimes. Here, we propose, investigate, and compare four reconstruction approaches: (i) L1-wavelet CS; (ii) a data-driven network; (iii) an unrolled network; and (iv) a Swin Transformer Cascade. We evaluate their performance across a range of SNR values using publicly available datasets and ultra-low field (6.5 mT) MRI data. Our results show that the unrolled network and Swin Transformer cascade outperform CS and data-driven models. While transformer-based models achieve the highest performance at high SNR, unrolled convolution-based networks are more robust in ultra-low SNR settings and often outperform transformers, indicating that simpler DL architectures may be better suited to low-field MRI. This work highlights both the potential and limitations of advanced reconstruction techniques in low-field MRI and pinpoints effective DL strategies for addressing SNR challenges.