Control of the classical dynamics of a particle in the Morse-soft-Coulomb potential

TL;DR

This paper introduces a Morse-soft-Coulomb potential model that smoothly transitions to the Coulomb potential, enabling analysis of classical chaotic dynamics and control strategies relevant to hydrogen-like systems.

Contribution

The study presents a new one-dimensional potential model that bridges the Coulomb potential with a softening parameter, facilitating classical chaos analysis and control methods.

Findings

The MsC potential reproduces Coulomb dynamics for small softening parameters.

Increasing the softening parameter enlarges the chaotic phase space.

Optimal control can effectively transfer energy in the MsC system.

Abstract

We introduce the one-dimensional Morse-soft-Coulomb (MsC) potential consisting of a Morse repulsive barrier smoothly connected with a soft-core Coulomb potential at the origin. This new potential has a single parameter that controls the softness of the repulsive barrier and the well depth. When this softening-depth parameter tends to zero, the MsC potential approaches the Coulomb potential with an infinite repulsive barrier, a known successful model for the hydrogen atom. We investigate the classical chaotic dynamics of the MsC potential subjected to time-dependent external fields, comparing the results with the Coulomb potential. We show that the MsC potential reproduces the dynamics and the ionization probabilities of the Coulomb potential for sufficiently small values of the softening parameter. We also investigate the role of the softening parameter in the phase-space structures, showing that the increasing of its value leads to the increasing of the chaotic sea and consequently to the rise of the ionization probability. Finally, we address the problem of controlling the dynamics of a particle in the MsC potential from the perspective of optimal control theory, which cannot be easily applied in the case of the Coulomb potential due to the singularity at the origin. We analize a particular optimal solution to the problem of transferring a given amount of energy to the system at minimum cost. Our results show that the MsC potential can be a useful simple model for investigating the hydrogen atom.