Integrated-Photonics-Based Systems for Polarization-Gradient Cooling of Trapped Ions

TL;DR

This paper introduces the first integrated-photonics system for polarization-gradient cooling of trapped ions, enhancing scalability and efficiency in quantum computing and optical clock applications.

Contribution

It designs and demonstrates polarization-diverse integrated-photonics devices for the first time to implement polarization-gradient cooling of trapped ions.

Findings

First experimental demonstration of polarization-gradient cooling with integrated photonics.

Integrated-photonics devices enable faster, more power-efficient cooling.

Facilitates scalable, high-fidelity trapped-ion quantum systems.

Abstract

Trapped ions are a promising modality for quantum systems, with demonstrated utility as the basis for quantum processors and optical clocks. However, traditional trapped-ion systems are implemented using complex free-space optical configurations, whose large size and susceptibility to vibrations and drift inhibit scaling to large numbers of qubits. In recent years, integrated-photonics-based systems have been demonstrated as an avenue to address the challenge of scaling trapped-ion systems while maintaining high fidelities. While these previous demonstrations have implemented both Doppler and resolved-sideband cooling of trapped ions, these cooling techniques are fundamentally limited in efficiency. In contrast, polarization-gradient cooling can enable faster and more power-efficient cooling and, therefore, improved computational efficiencies in trapped-ion systems. While free-space implementations of polarization-gradient cooling have demonstrated advantages over other cooling mechanisms, polarization-gradient cooling has never previously been implemented using integrated photonics. In this paper, we design and experimentally demonstrate key polarization-diverse integrated-photonics devices and utilize them to implement a variety of integrated-photonics-based polarization-gradient-cooling systems, culminating in the first experimental demonstration of polarization-gradient cooling of a trapped ion by an integrated-photonics-based system. By demonstrating polarization-gradient cooling using an integrated-photonics-based system and, in general, opening up the field of polarization-diverse integrated-photonics-based devices and systems for trapped ions, this work facilitates new capabilities for integrated-photonics-based trapped-ion platforms.