String Breaking in the Heavy Quark Limit with Scalable Circuits

TL;DR

This paper develops a scalable quantum circuit approach for simulating non-Abelian gauge theories in the heavy quark limit, demonstrating state preparation and meson production measurement on IBM quantum hardware.

Contribution

It introduces an efficient truncation method for non-Abelian lattice gauge theories and constructs scalable variational circuits for state preparation and measurement.

Findings

Successfully prepared vacuum and meson states on quantum hardware

Measured inelastic meson production using 104 qubits

Demonstrated practical quantum simulation of gauge theories

Abstract

Quantum simulations of non-Abelian gauge theories require efficient mappings onto quantum computers and practical state preparation and measurement procedures. A truncation of the Hilbert space of non-Abelian lattice gauge theories with matter in the heavy quark limit is developed. This truncation is applied to $SU(2)$ lattice gauge theory in $1+1D$ to map the theory efficiently onto a quantum computer. Scalable variational circuits are found to prepare the vacuum and single meson states. It is also shown how these state preparation circuits can be used to perform measurements of the number of mesons produced during the system's time evolution. A state with a single $q\overline{q}$ pair is prepared on quantum hardware and the inelastic production of $q\overline{q}$ pairs is observed using $104$ qubits on IBM's Heron quantum computer ibm_torino.