Comprehensive Study on the Slat Noise of 30P30N High-Lift Airfoil Basd on High-Order Wall-Resolved Large-Eddy Simulation

TL;DR

This paper uses high-order wall-resolved large-eddy simulations on GPUs to accurately predict slat noise of a high-lift airfoil, exploring effects of Reynolds number and angle of attack, and proposing an improved tonal noise prediction formula.

Contribution

It demonstrates the effectiveness of high-order WRLES on consumer GPUs for slat noise prediction and introduces a new formula for better tonal noise frequency estimation.

Findings

High-order WRLES matches experimental data with fewer resources.

Reynolds number scaling aligns far-field noise spectra across conditions.

Higher angles of attack reduce tonal noise amplitude by over 14dB.

Abstract

This study presents wall-resolved large-eddy simulations (WRLES) of a high-lift airfoil, based on high-order flux reconstruction (FR) commercial software Dimaxer, which runs on consumer level GPUs. A series of independence tests are conducted, including various Ffowcs Williams-Hawkings sampling surfaces, different mesh densities, simulations at 4th and 5th order accuracies, and varying spanwise lengths, to establish best practice for predicting slat noise through high-order WRLES. The results show excellent agreement with experimental data while requiring significantly fewer computational resources than traditional second-order methods. An investigation on the effects of Reynolds number (Re) is performed by scaling the airfoil size, with Reynolds numbers ranging from 8.55e5 to a real aircraft level of 1.71e7. By applying simple scaling through Strouhal number (St), spanwise correction, and distance from the receiver, the far-field noise spectra for different Reynolds numbers can be coincided. Additionally, simulations are performed at four angles of attack: 3{\deg}, 5.5{\deg}, 9.5{\deg}, and 14{\deg}. The results indicate that higher angles of attack lead to a less intense feedback loop, resulting in lower tonal noise frequencies and reduced noise amplitude. The maximum noise reduction observed is over 14dB when comparing 14{\deg} to 3{\deg}. Furthermore, an improved formula is proposed to enhance the prediction of slat noise tonal frequencies and to better elucidate the mechanism behind tonal noise generation.