The robustness of inferred envelope and core rotation rates of red-giant stars from asteroseismology

TL;DR

This study evaluates the accuracy of asteroseismic methods for estimating internal rotation rates of red giants, demonstrating robustness across various stellar parameters and insensitivity to near-surface perturbations.

Contribution

The paper introduces a robust ensemble-based asteroseismic approach for inferring red-giant internal rotation rates, emphasizing the importance of matching mixed mode patterns.

Findings

Matching mixed mode patterns is crucial for model selection.

Ensemble averaging yields reliable rotation estimates.

Estimates are unaffected by near-surface structural perturbations.

Abstract

Rotation is an important, yet poorly-modelled phenomenon of stellar structure and evolution. Accurate estimates of internal rotation rates are therefore valuable for constraining stellar evolution models. We aim to assess the accuracy of asteroseismic estimates of internal rotation rates and how these depend on the fundamental stellar parameters. We apply the recently-developed method called extended-MOLA inversions to infer localised estimates of internal rotation rates of synthetic observations of red giants. We search for suitable reference stellar models following a grid-based approach, and assess the robustness of the resulting inferences to the choice of reference model. We find that matching the mixed mode pattern between the observation and the reference model is an important criterion to select suitable reference models. We propose to i) select a set of reference models based on the correlation between the observed rotational splittings and the mode-trapping parameter ii) compute rotation rates for all these models iii) use the mean value obtained across the whole set as the estimate of the internal rotation rates. We find that the effect of a near surface perturbation in the synthetic observations on the rotation rates estimated based on the correlation between the observed rotational splittings and the mode-trapping parameter is negligible. We conclude that when using an ensemble of reference models, constructed based on matching the mixed mode pattern, the input rotation rates can be recovered across a range of fundamental stellar parameters like mass, mixing-length parameter and composition. Further, red-giant rotation rates determined in this way are also independent of a near surface perturbation of stellar structure.