Keldysh field theory approach to electric and thermoelectric transport in quantum dots

TL;DR

This paper applies the Keldysh field theory to analyze electric and thermoelectric transport in quantum dots, deriving key formulas and exploring optimal conditions for thermoelectric efficiency.

Contribution

It introduces a Keldysh field theory approach to quantum dot transport, providing new insights into thermoelectric properties and conductance behavior.

Findings

Derived the optimal conditions for maximum thermoelectric current.

Established an upper limit for the thermoelectric coefficient.

Showed the conductance drops to zero when degeneracy is removed at zero temperature.

Abstract

We compute the current and the noise power matrix in a quantum dot connected to two metallic reservoirs by using the Keldysh field theory approach, a non-equilibrium quantum field theory language in the functional integral formalism. We first show how this technique allows us to recover rapidly and straightforwardly well-known results in literature, such as the Meir-Wingreen formula for the average current, resulting extremely effective in dealing with quantum transport problem. We then discuss in detail the electric and thermoelectric properties due to transport of electrons in the case of a single-level and two-level non-interacting quantum dot. In particular, we derive the optimal conditions for maximizing the thermoelectric current, finding an upper limit for the thermoelectric coefficient. Moreover, in the two-level system we show that the zero-temperature linear conductance drops rapidly to zero by a symmetrical removal of the degeneracy at the Fermi energy.