Non-Hermitian skin effect in fragmented Hilbert spaces of one-dimensional fermionic lattices

TL;DR

This paper explores how Hilbert space fragmentation influences the non-Hermitian skin effect in one-dimensional fermionic lattices, revealing distinct real-space and Fock-space skin effects in different energy sectors.

Contribution

It uncovers the interplay between Hilbert space fragmentation and NHSE, demonstrating novel skin effects in both real and Fock spaces in an extended non-Hermitian model.

Findings

Different real-space NHSE depending on Hilbert space fragments.

Fock-space NHSE observed in two-particle bound states.

Rich Fock-space skin-like localization patterns at high energies.

Abstract

We discover that the interplay between Hilbert space fragmentation and multiple non-Hermitian pumping channels leads to distinct non-Hermitian skin effect (NHSE) in real and Fock spaces. Using an extended Hatano-Nelson model with next-nearest neighbor hopping and a strong interaction as an example, we find that two fermions loaded in the lattice exhibit different real-space NHSE depending on the Hilbert space fragments they belong to. Moreover, in the high-energy sector resulting from the fragmentation, the two-particle bound states form a one-dimensional lattice in Fock space, resulting in the Fock-space NHSE. At half-filling, while real-space NHSE is suppressed by many-body effects, richer patterns of Fock-space skin-like localization are found to emerge for different fragmented energy sectors and subsectors. This work extends our understanding of the interplay between NHSE and Hilbert space fragmentation and provides detailed insights into their manifestation in interacting non-Hermitian systems.