One-dimensional cellular automata with a unique active transition

TL;DR

This paper investigates a specific class of one-dimensional cellular automata with a unique active transition, characterizing their behavior as either idempotent or almost equicontinuous based on the pattern structure.

Contribution

It provides a complete characterization of cellular automata with a unique active transition, linking their dynamics to pattern symmetries and structure.

Findings

Every such automaton is either idempotent or strictly almost equicontinuous.

Idempotence depends on the existence of a subpattern of p with translational symmetry.

The behavior is fully characterized by the structure of the pattern p.

Abstract

A one-dimensional cellular automaton $\tau : A^\mathbb{Z} \to A^\mathbb{Z}$ is a transformation of the full shift defined via a finite neighborhood $S \subset \mathbb{Z}$ and a local function $\mu : A^S \to A$. We study the family of cellular automata whose finite neighborhood $S$ is an interval containing $0$, and there exists a pattern $p \in A^S$ satisfying that $\mu(z) = z(0)$ if and only if $z \neq p$; this means that these cellular automata have a unique \emph{active transition}. Despite its simplicity, this family presents interesting and subtle problems, as the behavior of the cellular automaton completely depends on the structure of $p$. We show that every cellular automaton $\tau$ with a unique active transition $p \in A^S$ is either idempotent or strictly almost equicontinuous, and we completely characterize each one of these situations in terms of $p$. In essence, the idempotence of $\tau$ depends on the existence of a certain subpattern of $p$ with a translational symmetry.