Mitigating Non-Markovian and Coherent Errors Using Quantum Process Tomography of Proxy States

TL;DR

This paper compares bosonic error correction codes, develops a proxy-based error mitigation technique using quantum process tomography, and demonstrates its effectiveness in reducing non-Markovian and coherent errors in quantum systems.

Contribution

It introduces a novel proxy state method for error mitigation and compares the performance of bosonic error correction codes, highlighting the dual rail code's superiority.

Findings

Dual rail code outperforms other bosonic codes under typical errors.

Proxy-based error mitigation effectively reduces noise without disturbing the quantum circuit.

Numerical results validate the affine map approach for error inference and correction.

Abstract

Detecting mitigating and correcting errors in quantum control is among the most pertinent contemporary problems in quantum technologies. We consider three of the most common bosonic error correction codes -- the CLY, binomial and dual rail and compare their performance under typical errors in bosonic systems. We find that the dual rail code shows the best performance. We also develop a new technique for error mitigation in quantum control. We consider a quantum system with large Hilbert space dimension, e.g., a qudit or a multi-qubit system and construct two $2- $ dimensional subspaces -- a code space, $\mathcal C = \text{span}\{|\bar{0}\rangle, |\bar{1}\rangle\}$ where the logical qubit is encoded and a ``proxy'' space $\mathcal P = \text{span}\{|\bar{0}'\rangle, |\bar{1}'\rangle\}$. While the qubit (i.e., $\mathcal C$) can be a part of a quantum circuit, the proxy (i.e., $\mathcal P$) remains idle. In the absence of errors, the quantum state of the proxy qubit does not evolve in time. If $\mathcal E$ is an error channel acting on the full system, we consider its projections on $\mathcal C$ and $\mathcal P$ represented as pauli transfer matrices $T_{\mathcal E}$ and $T'_{\mathcal E}$ respectively. Under reasonable assumptions regarding the origin of the errors, $T_{\mathcal E}$ can be inferred from $T'_{\mathcal E}$ acting on the proxy qubit and the latter can be measured without affecting the qubit. The latter can be measured while the qubit is a part of a quantum circuit because, one can perform simultaneous measurements on the logical and the proxy qubits. We use numerical data to learn an \textit{affine map} $\phi$ such that $T_{\mathcal E} \approx \phi(T'_{\mathcal E})$. We also show that the inversion of a suitable proxy space's logical pauli transfer matrix can effectively mitigate the noise on the two modes bosonic system or two qudits system.