Numerical investigation of buoyancy-aided mixed convective flow past a square cylinder inclined at 45 degrees

TL;DR

This study numerically examines how buoyancy influences the flow of air past an inclined square cylinder, revealing steady and unsteady flow regimes, vortex behaviors, and heat transfer characteristics at different Richardson numbers.

Contribution

It provides new insights into the flow physics and unsteady behavior of mixed convection around an inclined square cylinder using direct numerical simulations.

Findings

Critical Richardson number for flow steadiness is between 0.65 and 0.7.

Flow exhibits dual wake-plume nature and self-similar far-field behavior.

Flow quantities vary significantly with Richardson number.

Abstract

The present study numerically investigates the two-dimensional mixed convective flow of air past a square cylinder placed at an angle of incidence $\alpha = 45^{\circ}$ to the free-stream. We perform direct numerical simulations (DNS) for a Reynolds number (Re) of 100, a range of Richardson numbers (Ri) between 0.0 and 1.0, and a Prandtl number (Pr) of 0.7. The critical Richardson number at which the near-field becomes a steady flow from an unsteady one lies between $0.65$ and $0.7$, along with a simultaneous emergence of the far-field unsteadiness. There is no range of Ri for which the entire flow field is seen to be steady. At a relatively moderate Ri, the flow field reveals the presence of vorticity inversion through the momentum addition in the downstream region. We discuss the dual wake-plume nature of the flow behind the cylinder. The wake exhibits characteristics similar to those of a plume, revealing a self-similar behavior in the far-field at increased buoyancy. We explore the cause of the far-field unsteadiness and discuss the mechanism of the observed flow physics using instantaneous and time-averaged flow fields. The important flow quantities, such as force coefficients, vortex shedding frequency, and Nusselt number, are discussed at various Richardson numbers.