Skyrmion Bag Robustness in Plasmonic Bilayer and Trilayer Moir\'e Superlattices

TL;DR

This paper investigates the topological properties and robustness of skyrmion bag textures in plasmonic trilayer moiré superlattices created by three twisted skyrmion lattices, extending previous bilayer studies.

Contribution

It introduces the analysis of trilayer moiré superlattices with skyrmion bags and assesses their topological stability, expanding the understanding of topological textures in complex plasmonic systems.

Findings

Skyrmion bags are present in trilayer moiré lattices.

Topological invariants demonstrate robustness against disturbances.

Trilayer lattices exhibit similar skyrmion bag properties as bilayer systems.

Abstract

Twistronics is studied intensively in twisted 2D heterostructures and its extension to trilayer moir\'e structures has proven beneficial for the tunability of unconventional correlated states and superconductivity in twisted trilayer graphene. Just recently, the concept of twistronics has been applied to plasmonic lattices with nontrivial topology, demonstrating that bilayer moir\'e skyrmion lattices harbor multi-skyrmion textures called skyrmion bags. Here, we explore the properties of plasmonic trilayer moir\'e superlattices that are created by the interference of three twisted skyrmion lattices. More specifically, we explore the properties of periodic superlattices and their topological invariants. We also demonstrate that twisted trilayer skyrmion lattices harbor the same skyrmion bags as twisted bilayer skyrmion lattices. We quantify the robustness of these skyrmion bags by the stability of their topological numbers against certain disturbance fields that leads to experimental designs for topological textures with maximum robustness.