Deep operator neural network applied to efficient computation of asteroid surface temperature and the Yarkovsky effect

TL;DR

This paper introduces a DeepONet-based neural network model that efficiently predicts asteroid surface temperatures with high accuracy, significantly reducing computational costs and enabling advanced thermal and orbital studies of irregular asteroids.

Contribution

The study applies DeepONet to asteroid thermophysical modeling, achieving rapid and accurate temperature predictions, which is a novel approach in this domain.

Findings

Achieved ~1% temperature prediction accuracy

Reduced computational cost by five orders of magnitude

Enabled efficient orbital evolution analysis using Yarkovsky effect

Abstract

Surface temperature distribution is crucial for thermal property-based studies about irregular asteroids in our Solar System. While direct numerical simulations could model surface temperatures with high fidelity, they often take a significant amount of computational time, especially for problems where temperature distributions are required to be repeatedly calculated. To this end, deep operator neural network (DeepONet) provides a powerful tool due to its high computational efficiency and generalization ability. In this work, we applied DeepONet to the modelling of asteroid surface temperatures. Results show that the trained network is able to predict temperature with an accuracy of ~1% on average, while the computational cost is five orders of magnitude lower, hence enabling thermal property analysis in a multidimensional parameter space. As a preliminary application, we analyzed the orbital evolution of asteroids through direct N-body simulations embedded with instantaneous Yarkovsky effect inferred by DeepONet-based thermophysical modelling.Taking asteroids (3200) Phaethon and (89433) 2001 WM41 as examples, we show the efficacy and efficiency of our AI-based approach.