Kilovolt Pyroelectric Voltage Generation and Electrostatic Actuation With Fluidic Heating

TL;DR

This paper presents a fluidic heating method to generate high voltages using pyroelectric crystals, enabling untethered micro-robotic actuators powered without batteries.

Contribution

It introduces a distributed pyroelectric voltage generation system using water temperature cycling to power micro-robotic electrostatic actuators.

Findings

Generated 2470 V using water temperature cycling.

Stored 6.10 μJ in a 2 pF capacitor.

Delivered 17.46 μJ to a 47 pF capacitor at 861 V.

Abstract

Integrated micro power generators are crucial components for micro robotic platforms to demonstrate untethered operation and to achieve autonomy. Current micro robotic electrostatic actuators typically require hundreds to thousands of voltages to output sufficient work. Pyroelectricity is one such source of high voltages that can be scaled to small form factors. This paper demonstrates a distributed pyroelectric high voltage generation mechanism to power kV actuators using alternating exposure of crystals to hot and cold water (300C to 900C water temperature). Using this fluidic temperature control, a pyroelectrically generated voltage of 2470 V was delivered to a 2 pF storage capacitor yielding a 6.10 {\mu}J stored energy. A maximum energy of 17.46 {\mu}J was delivered to a 47 pF capacitor at 861 V. The recirculating water can be used to heat a distributed array of converters to generate electricity in distant robotic actuator sections. The development of this distributed system would enable untethered micro-robot to be operated with a flexible body and free of battery recharging, which advances its applications in the real world.