Entanglement area law in interacting bosons: from Bose-Hubbard, $\phi$4, and beyond

TL;DR

This paper proves the entanglement area law for one-dimensional interacting boson systems with long-range interactions, including Bose-Hubbard and $$4 models, and demonstrates efficient ground state approximations using Matrix Product States.

Contribution

It extends the entanglement area law to bosonic systems with unbounded local energy and long-range interactions, unifying these challenges in a rigorous framework.

Findings

Proved the area law for 1D long-range interacting bosons.

Established efficient MPS approximations of ground states.

Provided insights into how bosonic parameters affect entanglement.

Abstract

The entanglement area law is a universal principle that characterizes the information structure in quantum many-body systems and serves as the foundation for modern algorithms based on tensor network representations. Historically, the area law has been well understood under two critical assumptions: short-range interactions and bounded local energy. However, extending the area law beyond these assumptions has been a long-sought goal in quantum many-body theory. This challenge is especially pronounced in interacting boson systems, where the breakdown of the bounded energy assumption is universal and poses significant difficulties. In this work, we prove the area law for one-dimensional interacting boson systems including the long-range interactions. Our model encompasses the Bose-Hubbard class and the $\phi4$ class, two of the most fundamental models in quantum condensed matter physics, statistical mechanics, and high-energy physics. This result achieves the resolution of the area law that incorporates both the challenges of unbounded local energy and long-range interactions in a unified manner. Additionally, we establish an efficiency-guaranteed approximation of the quantum ground states using Matrix Product States (MPS). These results significantly advance our understanding of quantum complexity by offering new insights into how bosonic parameters and interaction decay rates influence entanglement. Our findings provide crucial theoretical foundations for simulating long-range interacting cold atomic systems, which are central to modern quantum technologies, and pave the way for more efficient simulation techniques in future quantum applications.