Covariance Analysis of Impulsive Streaking

TL;DR

This paper develops a covariance modeling framework for angular streaking experiments, enabling more accurate temporal measurements by analyzing the universal covariance structures in electron momentum distributions.

Contribution

It introduces a comprehensive covariance analysis framework in impulsive streaking, linking dressed and undressed electron momentum distributions for improved temporal retrieval.

Findings

Universal covariance structures identified across different MDs

Methods for extracting temporal information from streaking data

Enhanced accuracy in temporal measurements in streaking experiments

Abstract

We present a comprehensive framework of modeling covariance in angular streaking experiments. Within the impulsive streaking regime, the displacement of electron momentum distribution (MD) provides a tight connection between the dressing-free MD and the dressed MD. Such connection establishes universal structures in the composition of streaking covariance that are common across different MDs, regardless of their exact shape. Building on this robust framework, we have developed methods for retrieving temporal information from angular streaking measurements. By providing a detailed understanding of the covariance structure in angular streaking experiments, our work enables more accurate and robust temporal measurements in a wide range of experimental scenarios.