The Faint Particle Trigger for the IceCube Neutrino Observatory

TL;DR

The Faint Particle Trigger (FPT) enhances IceCube's ability to detect faint signals from fractional charged particles by incorporating new hit types and noise reduction techniques, significantly improving trigger efficiency with minimal increase in event rate.

Contribution

The paper introduces the Faint Particle Trigger, a novel trigger algorithm that improves detection efficiency for faint particles in IceCube by using SLC hits and advanced noise filtering.

Findings

Trigger efficiency increased by 55%.

Event rate increased by only 0.4%.

Successfully deployed at South Pole in November 2023.

Abstract

The Faint Particle Trigger (FPT) was developed for the IceCube Neutrino Observatory to enhance the detection efficiency for faint signatures, produced by free Fractionally Charged Particles (FCP) predicted in several Standard Model (SM) extensions. A previous IceCube analysis has shown a reduced trigger efficiency in detecting FCP with a charge of e/3 due to the $\text{z}^2$ dependence of photon production processes. The FPT addresses this shortcoming by incorporating a so far unused hit type, so called SLC hits in the trigger decision. These are single isolated hits that are not used for triggering high energy signatures in IceCube. The FPT employs a sliding time window to analyze hits, utilizing four cuts to remove noise and bright background contributions. The noise contribution is effectively decreased to a few Hz by velocity and directional consistency of hit pairs. Furthermore a part of the dominating atmospheric muon rate is reduced, by requiring a minimum fraction of SLC hits in the trigger window. The FPT significantly improves the trigger efficiency by a factor of 1.55, compared to standard triggers, while increasing the event rate in IceCube by a factor 1.004. The trigger algorithm was tested and successfully deployed at South Pole in November 2023.