Accreting Black Holes radiate classical Vaidya radiation to pave way for Hawking radiation

TL;DR

This paper establishes conditions under which accreting black holes emit classical Vaidya radiation, suggesting a mechanism that facilitates Hawking radiation by linking matter infall dynamics to horizon properties.

Contribution

It identifies the criteria for MOTS to remain null during accretion and connects tidal deformation of infalling matter to classical Vaidya radiation emission.

Findings

MOTS remains null if infalling matter transitions to null or Type II.

Tidal deformation causes outward heat flux leading to Vaidya radiation.

Accreting black holes radiate classical Vaidya radiation, enabling Hawking radiation.

Abstract

It is well known that locally defined marginally outer trapped surface (MOTS) is null and coincident with the event horizon of an unperturbed static Schwarzschild black hole. This is however not true for an accreting black hole for which MOTS separates out and turns spacelike. In this letter, we obtain the necessary and sufficient condition for MOTS to remain null and coincident with the event horizon even when matter is continuously accreting on. This also has an important bearing on the quantum Hawking radiation which is supposed to emanate from the MOTS, and it cannot propagate out to infinity unless MOTS is null. The condition is, infalling timelike Type I fluid should turn null or Type II, as it falls on the horizon. This transition from timelike to null is caused by the tidal deformation of the infalling fluid, and that produces an outward directed heat flux giving rise to Vaidya radiation emanating out of the boundary of accreting zone. We thus predict a remarkable new phenomena that accreting black hole radiates classical Vaidya radiation that paves the way for the Hawking radiation.