Oscillons from $Q$-balls through renormalization

TL;DR

This paper demonstrates that oscillons in a (1+1)-dimensional field theory can be understood as dressed $Q$-balls, revealing a universal behavior and connections to integrable models, with excited oscillons forming bound states.

Contribution

It introduces a renormalization-inspired perturbation method showing oscillons as dressed $Q$-balls, highlighting their universal features and relation to integrable models.

Findings

Oscillons are shown to be dressed $Q$-balls in a universal complex field theory.

Excited oscillons are identified as two-$Q$-ball bound states.

The theory closely relates to the integrable complex sine-Gordon model.

Abstract

Using a renormalization-inspired perturbation expansion we show that oscillons in a generic field theory in (1+1) dimensions arise as dressed $Q$-balls of a universal (up to the leading nonlinear order) complex field theory. This theory reveals a close similarity to the integrable complex sine-Gordon model which possesses exact multi-$Q$-balls. We show that excited oscillons, with characteristic modulations of their amplitude, are two-oscillons bound states generated from a two $Q$-ball solution.