Timing performance of SiPM-on-Tile elements: Laboratory and test beam measurements

TL;DR

This study evaluates the timing performance of SiPM-on-Tile calorimeter elements through laboratory and test beam measurements, aiming to achieve sub-nanosecond time resolution for particle detection and background rejection in future collider experiments.

Contribution

It provides detailed measurements and analysis of the timing capabilities of SiPM-on-Tile technology, including insights from test beams and laser studies, for improved particle timing resolution.

Findings

Achieved sub-nanosecond timing resolution with SiPM-on-Tile elements

Identified key processes affecting timing performance within scintillator tiles

Provided comprehensive measurement methods for timing characterization

Abstract

The SiPM-on-Tile technology for highly granular calorimeters, where small plastic scintillator tiles are directly read out with SiPMs, has been developed for the CALICE Analog Hadron Calorimeter, and has been adopted for parts of the hadronic section of the CMS High Granularity Calorimeter. For future electron-positron colliders, a single cell time stamping on the sub-nanosecond level for energy deposits corresponding to single minimum-ionizing particles is desired to provide background rejection and to support pattern recognition and energy reconstruction with particle flow algorithms. To better understand the time resolution achievable with the SiPM-on-Tile technology, we have performed detailed measurements in test beams at DESY, probing scintillator tiles of different sizes. The study is complemented by laser measurements that provide insights into processes within the scintillator tile relevant for timing. In this publication, we will discuss our measurement methods and the results of our SiPM-on-Tile timing study.