Rotation-induced phase transition in planar continuous helicity gas

TL;DR

This paper explores the thermodynamics of a classical ideal gas with continuous helicity in three-dimensional space, revealing a rotation-induced phase transition between rotating and non-rotating states, including metastability at low angular velocities.

Contribution

It introduces a detailed analysis of phase transitions in a helicity gas under rotation, including conditions and phase diagram, highlighting metastable states with negative angular momentum.

Findings

Existence of two phases: rotating and non-rotating

Phase transition conditions depend on angular velocity

Metastable states with negative angular momentum at low rotation

Abstract

In this paper, we investigate the thermodynamics of an ideal gas of classical particles with continuous helicity in three-dimensional Minkowski space. Using the one-particle distribution function for a particle with continuous helicity, we obtain expressions for the chemical potential, angular momentum, and entropy of the gas. We show that such a system placed in a rotating container can be in two phases: rotating and non-rotating. We describe the conditions for the phase transition and examine the phase diagram of the gas. It is found that at low angular velocities, the rotating phase can exist only in the form of metastable states. A feature of metastable states with low angular velocities is a negative angular momentum.