Collective excitations and universal coarsening dynamics of a spin-orbit-coupled spin-1 Bose-Einstein condensate

TL;DR

This paper investigates the collective excitations and coarsening dynamics of a spin-orbit-coupled spin-1 Bose-Einstein condensate, revealing phase boundaries and dynamic scaling behavior through theoretical analysis and quench experiments.

Contribution

It provides the first detailed analysis of collective modes and universal coarsening dynamics in a spin-orbit-coupled spin-1 BEC, including phase boundary identification and critical exponent determination.

Findings

Identification of low-lying collective modes delineating phase boundaries

Observation of dynamic scaling in coarsening dynamics

Determination of the dynamic critical exponent

Abstract

We study the collective excitation spectrum of a Raman-induced spin-orbit-coupled spin-1 Bose-Einstein condensate confined in a quasi-one-dimensional harmonic trap while varying either the Raman coupling or quadratic Zeeman term by using the Bogoliubov approach. A few low-lying modes, which can be used to delineate the phase boundaries, are identified by exciting them with suitable perturbations. We also investigate the coarsening dynamics of a homogeneous quasi-two-dimensional spin-orbit-coupled spin-1 condensate by quenching from the zero-momentum into the plane wave phase through a sudden change in Raman coupling strength. We demonstrate that the correlation function of the order parameter displays dynamic scaling during the late-time dynamics, allowing us to determine the dynamic critical exponent.