Analysing one- and two-bit data to reduce memory requirements for F-statistic-based gravitational wave searches

TL;DR

This paper introduces a digitisation scheme that reduces the memory footprint of gravitational wave data from 64-bit to one- or two-bit streams, enabling efficient searches with minimal loss in detection sensitivity.

Contribution

The paper presents a novel one- and two-bit data encoding method for gravitational wave signals that maintains detection performance while significantly reducing storage and I/O costs.

Findings

One-bit data requires signals to be ~24% stronger for detection.

Two-bit data requires signals to be ~6.4% stronger for detection.

Method remains effective under non-Gaussian noise conditions.

Abstract

Searches for continuous-wave gravitational radiation in data collected by modern long-baseline interferometers, such as the Laser Interferometer Gravitational-wave Observatory (LIGO), the Virgo interferometer and the Kamioka Gravitational Wave Detector (KAGRA), can be memory intensive. A digitisation scheme is described that reduces the 64-bit interferometer output to a one- or two-bit data stream while minimising distortion and achieving considerable reduction in storage and input/output cost. For the representative example of the coherent, maximum-likelihood matched filter known as the F-statistic, it is found using Monte-Carlo simulations that the injected signal only needs to be ~24 per cent stronger (for one-bit data) and ~6.4 per cent stronger (for two bit data with optimal thresholds) than a 64-bit signal in order to be detected with 90 per cent probability in Gaussian noise. The foregoing percentages do not change significantly when the signal frequency decreases secularly, or when the noise statistics are not Gaussian, as verified with LIGO Science Run 6 data.