"We do use it, but not how hearing people think": How the Deaf and Hard of Hearing Community Uses Large Language Model Tools

TL;DR

This study explores how Deaf and Hard of Hearing individuals use Large Language Model tools, revealing benefits, challenges, and unique usage patterns to inform more inclusive AI design.

Contribution

It provides empirical insights into DHH community interactions with Text AI tools, highlighting specific accessibility challenges and proposing inclusive design recommendations.

Findings

AI eases communication for DHH individuals

Lack of ASL support limits AI accessibility

Unique usage patterns identified in DHH community

Abstract

Generative AI tools, particularly those utilizing large language models (LLMs), are increasingly used in everyday contexts. While these tools enhance productivity and accessibility, little is known about how Deaf and Hard of Hearing (DHH) individuals engage with them or the challenges they face when using them. This paper presents a mixed-method study exploring how the DHH community uses Text AI tools like ChatGPT to reduce communication barriers and enhance information access. We surveyed 80 DHH participants and conducted interviews with 11 participants. Our findings reveal important benefits, such as eased communication and bridging Deaf and hearing cultures, alongside challenges like lack of American Sign Language (ASL) support and Deaf cultural understanding. We highlight unique usage patterns, propose inclusive design recommendations, and outline future research directions to improve Text AI accessibility for the DHH community.