Velocity dispersion function evolution from strong lensing statistics

TL;DR

This study uses strong lensing data to analyze how the velocity dispersion function of early-type galaxies evolves with redshift, finding it remains nearly constant up to z=0.75.

Contribution

It provides the first constraints on VDF evolution from strong lensing statistics considering multiple assumptions and scaling relations.

Findings

VDF normalization factor evolves slowly with redshift

VDF characteristic velocity remains nearly constant for z<0.75

Results are consistent across different model assumptions

Abstract

The redshift and size distributions of galaxy scale strong lenses depend on the evolution of early-type galaxies (ETGs). We use this dependence to constrain the velocity dispersion function (VDF) evolution from the Strong Lensing Legacy Survey (SL2S) sample of lenses in the redshift range 0.25 < z < 0.75. Our modeling of the lens population includes lens identifiability given survey parameters, and constrains the evolution of the VDF based on the redshift distributions of sources and lenses as well as the distribution of Einstein radii. We consider five different assumptions for the reference VDF at redshift zero and two sets of scaling relations for the VDF. We find that in all cases the observed lens sample favors a slow evolution of both the VDF normalization factor and the VDF characteristic velocity with redshift which is consistent with a VDF that is constant in redshift for z < 0.75.