Characterizing entangled state update in different reference frames with weak measurements

TL;DR

This paper explores how weak measurements can characterize entangled quantum states across different reference frames, revealing an interplay between randomness and interference that maintains consistency in relativistic quantum systems.

Contribution

It introduces a framework for analyzing entangled state updates with weak measurements in relativistic settings, including analytical and numerical results for various qubit numbers.

Findings

Weak measurements reveal interplay between randomness and interference.

Frame-dependent state updates are consistent through this interplay.

Single-shot pointer measurements predict outcomes on distant qubits.

Abstract

The evolution of the quantum state of a system upon measurement results in state update. In this work, we investigate the characterization of updated states of multi-partite entangled qubit states with non-destructive weak measurements, involving weakly coupling a pointer to each qubit in a relativistic context. As is well-known, the updated state at intermediate times is frame-dependent, and outcome randomness intrinsic to projective measurements prevents any information to be acquired on the updated state. Here we will see that when weak measurements are implemented there is instead an interplay between randomness and interference, depending on the number of qubits, so as to maintain consistency between descriptions in arbitrary reference frames. Analytical results are given for a small or infinite number of qubits, while for a finite number of qubits we will resort to Monte-Carlo sampling in order to simulate numerically the results of weak measurements. As a by-product, we show how a single-shot measurement of the pointers positions allows to make quantitative predictions on the outcomes that can be obtained for any observable measured on a distant qubit of the multi-partite state.