Guiding Empowerment Model: Liberating Neurodiversity in Online Higher Education

TL;DR

This paper introduces the Guiding Empowerment Model, a comprehensive framework that addresses environmental and technological factors to support neurodivergent learners in online higher education, aiming to close equity gaps.

Contribution

It presents a novel holistic model integrating cognitive, environmental, and technological factors to improve online learning experiences for neurodivergent students.

Findings

Model highlights key factors affecting neurodivergent learners' success.

Evaluation of platform features shows potential to reduce learning barriers.

Proposes technology solutions like customizable tasks and multimodal collaboration.

Abstract

In this innovative practice full paper, we address the equity gap for neurodivergent and situationally limited learners by identifying the spectrum of dynamic factors that impact learning and function. Educators have shown a growing interest in identifying learners' cognitive abilities and learning preferences to measure their impact on academic achievement. Often institutions employ one-size-fits-all approaches leaving the burden on disabled students to self-advocate or tolerate inadequate support. Emerging frameworks guide neurodivergent learners through instructional approaches, such as online education. However, these frameworks fail to address holistic environmental needs or recommend technology interventions, particularly for those with undisclosed learning or developmental disabilities and situational limitations. In this article, we integrate a neurodivergent perspective through secondary research of around 100 articles to introduce a Guiding Empowerment Model involving key cognitive and situational factors that contextualize day-to-day experiences affecting learner ability. We synthesize three sample student profiles that highlight user problems in functioning. We use this model to evaluate sample learning platform features and other supportive technology solutions. The proposed approach augments frameworks such as Universal Design for Learning to consider factors including various sensory processing differences, social connection challenges, and environmental limitations. We suggest that by applying the mode through technology-enabled features such as customizable task management, guided varied content access, and guided multi-modal collaboration, major learning barriers of neurodivergent and situationally limited learners will be removed to activate the successful pursuit of their academic goals.