An improved Bell-CHSH observable for gauge boson pairs

TL;DR

This paper introduces a new Bell inequality based on squares of spin operators that effectively detects quantum entanglement in gauge boson decays at colliders, outperforming previous methods especially in the $pp ightarrow ZZ$ process.

Contribution

It proposes a novel Bell operator suited for gauge boson decay analysis, enhancing detection of quantum correlations in collider experiments regardless of parity violation.

Findings

Outperforms previous Bell inequalities in the $pp ightarrow ZZ$ process.

Enables Bell violation detection in mixed gauge boson systems like $W$ and gluons.

Expands the scope of Bell tests to collider environments involving gauge bosons.

Abstract

For particles decaying without parity violation, it is impossible to reconstruct the full spin-density matrix from the velocities of their decay products. In this work, we consider Bell inequalities based on squares of spin operators. The corresponding Bell operators probe only the part of the density matrix that can be reconstructed from any gauge boson decay or splitting to fermions, which is accessible regardless of whether parity is violated. We find that our new choice of Bell operator has promising properties regarding states seen at colliders. In particular, it substantially outperforms the inequality previously used for the $pp \rightarrow ZZ$ process at the LHC in terms of the phase space volume in which it is violated. We also conduct the first investigation of Bell violation in a system involving gauge bosons mediating different interactions, namely the $W$ boson and gluon in the $pp \rightarrow W^{\pm} (g\rightarrow b\bar{b})$ process.